Monday, April 28, 2008
Service learning reflection
Last week, we received an E-mail from the C.H.O.P and we discussed about the "Wish List". The Wish List had a list of stuffs about what they need, such as toys, CD players, phone/phone cards, books, etc. Basically, we think they asked for too much, the Wish List was like one page long, we doesn't have enough money to buy these things, so we decided to sell ice cream sandwiches, water ice, and pretzels in the school so we can get money to buy books and toys for them. We try to buy everything from the Wish List. We will begin to sell these thing on May 9th, which is Friday, and Tanaya's birthday. For the next meeting, I think we will discuss about where to get the food and who's going to get these. I think the meeting was successful because we got a lot of things done!
Wednesday, April 23, 2008
Service learning last Thursday
During our meeting last Thursday, we discussed about what we want to do. Some people want to do C.H.O.P( Children's hospital of Philadelphia) and other people want to do the homeless shelter. We decided to breaking down into two groups. We was thinking about maybe break-off into two groups or do the C.H.O.P first and then we do the homeless shelter. Mrs. Madhi received a letter from C.H.O.P., and we watched a video clip from C.H.O.P. website that has information about C.H.O.P.
http://giving.chop.edu/site/PageServer?pagename=child_DiaryofHopeVideo
We got a lot done last Thursday.
We decided what we going to do.
Below is the address of the video we watched during our meeting on Thursday.
http://giving.chop.edu/site/PageServer?pagename=child_DiaryofHopeVideo
Wednesday, April 2, 2008
Gene Mutation- Bio
A gene is essentially a sentence made up of the bases A, T, G, and C that describes how to make a protein. Any changes to those instructions can alter the gene's meaning and change the protein that is made, or how or when a cell makes that protein. There are many different ways to alter a gene, just as there are many different ways to introduce typos into a sentence. In the following examples of some types of mutations, we use the sentence "The fat cat ate the wee rat" as a sample gene:
Point Mutation
A point mutation is a simple change in one base of the gene sequence. This is equivalent to changing one letter in a sentence, such as this example, where we change the 'c' in cat to an 'h':
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Point Mutation The fat hat ate the wee rat.
Frame-shift mutation
Frame-shift mutations. In a frame shift mutation, one or more bases are inserted or deleted, the equivalent of adding or removing letters in a sentence. But because our cells read DNA in three letter "words", adding or removing one letter changes each subsequent word. This type of mutation can make the DNA meaningless and often results in a shortened protein. An example of a frame-shift mutation using our sample sentence is when the 't' from cat is removed, but we keep the original letter spacing:
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Frame Shift The fat caa tet hew eer at.
Deletion
Mutations that result in missing DNA are called deletions. These can be small, such as the removal of just one "word," or longer deletions that affect a large number of genes on the chromosome. Deletions can also cause frameshift mutations. In this example, the deletion eliminated the word cat.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Deletion The fat ate the wee rat.
Insertion
Mutations that result in the addition of extra DNA are called insertions. Insertions can also cause frameshift mutations, and general result in a nonfunctional protein.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat.
Inversion
In an inversion mutation, an entire section of DNA is reversed. A small inversion may involve only a few bases within a gene, while longer inversions involve large regions of a chromosome containing several genes.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion The fat tar eew eht eta tac.
DNA expression mutation
There are many types of mutations that change not the protein itself but where and how much of a protein is made. These types of changes in DNA can result in proteins being made at the wrong time or in the wrong cell type. Changes can also occur that result in too much or too little of the protein being made
Point Mutation
A point mutation is a simple change in one base of the gene sequence. This is equivalent to changing one letter in a sentence, such as this example, where we change the 'c' in cat to an 'h':
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Point Mutation The fat hat ate the wee rat.
Frame-shift mutation
Frame-shift mutations. In a frame shift mutation, one or more bases are inserted or deleted, the equivalent of adding or removing letters in a sentence. But because our cells read DNA in three letter "words", adding or removing one letter changes each subsequent word. This type of mutation can make the DNA meaningless and often results in a shortened protein. An example of a frame-shift mutation using our sample sentence is when the 't' from cat is removed, but we keep the original letter spacing:
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Frame Shift The fat caa tet hew eer at.
Deletion
Mutations that result in missing DNA are called deletions. These can be small, such as the removal of just one "word," or longer deletions that affect a large number of genes on the chromosome. Deletions can also cause frameshift mutations. In this example, the deletion eliminated the word cat.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Deletion The fat ate the wee rat.
Insertion
Mutations that result in the addition of extra DNA are called insertions. Insertions can also cause frameshift mutations, and general result in a nonfunctional protein.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat.
Inversion
In an inversion mutation, an entire section of DNA is reversed. A small inversion may involve only a few bases within a gene, while longer inversions involve large regions of a chromosome containing several genes.
Original
The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Insertion The fat tar eew eht eta tac.
DNA expression mutation
There are many types of mutations that change not the protein itself but where and how much of a protein is made. These types of changes in DNA can result in proteins being made at the wrong time or in the wrong cell type. Changes can also occur that result in too much or too little of the protein being made
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